| Mold Base Material | Pre-hardened or hardened tool steel | Approximately 30–60 HRC | Hardened tool steel offers better wear resistance and dimensional stability for long production runs. |
| Cavity and Core Inserts | Hardened steel, stainless steel, or carbide inserts | Steel for general use; carbide for highly abrasive or extremely small features | Carbide can improve wear resistance, but it requires specialized grinding, EDM, and handling processes. |
| Corrosion Resistance | Stainless tool steel for cavities exposed to moisture or corrosive polymers | Suitable for engineering plastics, medical components, and humid environments | Stainless grades reduce rust risk but may require slower machining and careful heat treatment. |
| Expected Mold Life | Production shots before major refurbishment | Prototype molds: 1,000–10,000 shots; production molds: 100,000–1,000,000+ shots | Actual life depends on steel hardness, resin abrasiveness, part geometry, maintenance, and injection pressure. |
| Typical Cycle Time | Injection, cooling, mold opening, and ejection | Approximately 5–30 seconds for small thermoplastic parts | Wall thickness, resin type, cooling-channel design, and part ejection commonly determine cycle time. |
| Micro-Feature Size | Micro ribs, slots, pins, lenses, and textured surfaces | Features from approximately 0.05–0.50 mm, depending on geometry and resin | Tool rigidity, venting, polymer flow, and demolding draft are critical at this scale. |
| Dimensional Tolerance | Cavity dimensions and molded-part control | Mold machining: commonly ±0.005–0.020 mm; molded parts vary with resin and geometry | Shrinkage, warpage, temperature variation, and process repeatability must be included in tolerance planning. |
| Surface Finish | Polished, EDM-textured, or precision-ground cavity surfaces | Approximately Ra 0.02–0.80 μm, depending on finish requirement | Optical and sealing surfaces generally require finer polishing and stricter contamination control. |
| Injection Machine Type | Electric or hybrid micro-injection molding machine | Typical clamping force: approximately 5–100 tons for small components | Stable low-shot control, accurate screw or plunger movement, and repeatable pressure are more important than size alone. |
| Machine Positioning Accuracy | Closed-loop control of injection, mold movement, and ejection | Often specified in the low-micron to tens-of-microns range, depending on the axis and machine design | Repeatability, calibration, thermal stability, and shot-size resolution affect part-to-part consistency. |
| Precision Machining Equipment | High-speed milling, wire EDM, sinker EDM, precision grinding, and laser machining | Equipment capability should support sub-0.01 mm feature control where required | A complete process chain is necessary; no single machine determines final mold precision. |
| Inspection Equipment | Coordinate measuring machine, optical comparator, vision system, and surface profiler | Measurement resolution commonly below 1–5 μm for critical micro-features | Inspection should be performed under controlled temperature and linked to documented measurement methods. |
| Common Resin Compatibility | PP, ABS, PC, POM, PA, PEEK, LCP, and medical-grade thermoplastics | Material selection depends on temperature, shrinkage, viscosity, and reinforcement content | Glass-filled and mineral-filled resins accelerate cavity, gate, and runner wear. |
| Cooling and Temperature Control | Conformal or conventionally drilled cooling channels with mold-temperature control | Mold temperature commonly ranges from approximately 20–180°C, depending on polymer | Uniform cooling reduces warpage, improves cycle stability, and supports consistent dimensions. |
| Maintenance Interval | Cleaning, lubrication, inspection, and cavity re-polishing | Basic inspection every production run; detailed service commonly every 10,000–100,000 shots | The interval should be shortened for abrasive resins, high-temperature polymers, and tight-tolerance parts. |